What causes diarrhoea and vomiting?
Sudden diarrhoea and vomiting is most often caused by gastroenteritis, an infection of the stomach and intestines. It is usually viral, such as norovirus or rotavirus, and spreads easily through households, schools and offices. Food poisoning causes similar symptoms, often within hours of eating contaminated food.
Other symptoms can include stomach cramps, nausea, a mild fever, headaches and aching muscles. Most people recover within a few days. The main risk, especially for young children and older adults, is dehydration.
How a VDOC doctor can help
- Assess how dehydrated you are and whether you can recover safely at home
- Advise on rehydration and what to eat as you recover
- Prescribe medicine for nausea or cramps if appropriate
- Decide whether you need a stool test or antibiotics
- Issue a sick note for work
When to go to an emergency unit
- Signs of dehydration: very little or no urine, dizziness when standing, a very dry mouth, or confusion
- Vomiting so often that you can't keep any fluids down
- Blood in the vomit or stool, or black, tarry stools
- Severe or constant tummy pain
- A high fever, or symptoms after recent travel abroad
- A baby or young child who is drowsy, floppy, has no wet nappies for 6 hours or more, or has sunken eyes
See a doctor in 3 steps
Book a GP
Choose a time online or on WhatsApp, including early mornings, evenings and weekends.
Video consult
The doctor asks when it started, how often you're going, what you've eaten, and checks for warning signs.
Recovering from gastro at home
- Rehydrate: take small, frequent sips of oral rehydration solution from the pharmacy. If you are vomiting, try a sip every few minutes.
- Eat when you can: plain foods like rice, toast, bananas and soup are easiest to start with.
- Be careful with anti-diarrhoea medicine: don't use it if you have a fever or blood in your stool, and don't give it to children unless a doctor advises it.
- Stop the spread: wash your hands with soap after using the toilet and before handling food, and don't prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms stop.